What is the functional group of aldehydes?

The functional group of aldehydes is the carbonyl group, specifically characterized by the structure -CHO. In aldehydes, this carbonyl group is located at the end of the carbon chain, which is a defining feature that distinguishes them from other carbonyl-containing compounds, such as ketones where the carbonyl group is found within the carbon chain.

The carbonyl group consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. This specific arrangement allows aldehydes to exhibit distinct chemical reactivity and properties compared to other functional groups. For example, the presence of the hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon in the -CHO group is essential for the characteristic reactions of aldehydes, such as oxidation to form carboxylic acids.

Understanding the unique structure and position of the carbonyl group in aldehydes is crucial for identifying and naming these compounds in the context of organic chemistry.