Which chemical is commonly known as table salt?

Table salt is chemically known as sodium chloride, which has the formula NaCl. This compound consists of sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-), forming a stable ionic compound that is essential for human health and widely used in cooking and food preservation. The term "table salt" specifically refers to this compound, distinguished by its unique role and widespread use as a seasoning and preservative.

Sodium chloride is also responsible for the characteristic salty flavor that enhances a wide variety of foods. Its solubility in water allows it to easily dissolve, making it effective for cooking and food preparation. The other options listed involve different compounds: potassium chloride (KCl) is used in salt substitutes, calcium chloride (CaCl2) is often used for de-icing roads and in food preservation, and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) has applications in de-icing and as a dietary supplement, but none of these fulfill the common culinary and nutritional roles of table salt like NaCl does.